Well, just in case you missed it, or maybe if you didn't get everything from the notes... Here is a little review he gave us! So good luck studying!
- how many House memebers where in the first House in Congress?
- 65
-- How many members were in the First Senate?
- 26.
-- The House currently has 435 members. Each member has to be at least 25 years old, and also has a 2 year term limit.
- The Senate currently has 100 members. Each member has to be at least 30 years old, and their term limits are 6 years.
-- Henry Clay- Created the Standing committees, well made them more Prominent.
-- Who was the first speaker of the House?
- Mullenberg.
-- The house was more important during the first years.
-- Who was the first President of the Senate?
- John Adams
-- What is a delegate?
- Represents the people
-- What is a trustee?
- Some one that votes in order for the good of mankind.
-- Quorum - to have enough people to conduct business.
- You need the majority in order to conduct business
- in the house the quorum is 218, now it's 100 in the Committee of the whole.
- Quorum in the First Senate was 14
--- Note Worthy Speakers
- Mullenberg was the first
- Reed- Set up Reeds Rules or order. It establishes precedent for Strong party leaders
- Nancy Paloci- First female Speaker ever!
- Cannon- Was considered the CZAR. Demanded a lot of party discipline his own party rebelled against him. So they reformed the the Speakers powers, and pretty much stripped the powers away from the Speaker.
-Gingrich- First time trying to restrict lobbying. He kept Democrats off of joint Conference committees. Spent political capital. Set term limits on committee chairs.
- Clay
- Reybourne was the speaker for 30% of the 20th century.
-- House senate differences:
- Senate approves treaties, approves the Presidents
- House- Taxes, raising revenues.
- Senate ahs more unlimited debate. Not germane.
- The house is more structured, house is more germane. It has limited debates.
--- President of the Senate
- 1st was Adams.
- Nixon was the last one to make a big deal of being the President of the Senate.
- Lyndon Johnson - 1950, he made his staff look for more power, and try to find precendent in order to make sure that his position is the most powerful. But all his staff could find was the Right of first Recognition.
--- Senate Leaders
- Strom Thurman was the oldest President Pro Temp, at 100.
--- Roles of Rules Committees
- It is a standing committee, and a legislative Committee. It's considered an exclusive committe because if you are on it you can't be on any other committee.
- What stage does rules committees work? After the bill comes off the hopper it goes to one standing committee and they give it to a subcommittee. then goes back to the standing committees. Then the Rules committees.
- People from the originating committess gets to offer amendment ideas when it comes to the floor.
- Senate Process
Unlimited debate= Filibuster
- Longest Filibuster- 24 hrs and 18 mins.
- longest tag team- 72 days.
This was both against civil rights movement.
- Hold is a threat to filibuster.
- Mae west hold- If you approach one paty of the legislation you have to come and see me.
by using a Mae west hold, they are trying to get a UCA, a Unanimous Consent agreement.
- Different Constituencies
- Geographic
- Primary
- Personal
- Re-election
- Ny , was where teh first Congress session met, then they met in Philly.
- The first Congress sat down in 1789.
- A session is usually a year.
- Zero sum game- One wins at the expense of the loser.
- Positive Sum game- Everyone wins.
- Negative sum game- Everyone loses.
-- Who inspired separations of powers? Madison, while he was reading Montesques book.
- Safe seat- when no one is running against the incumbent, or when it's well known that the incumbent is going to win.
- Open seat- No incumbent running
- ranking member- Minority leader whos' chair of a committee.
-- 4 types of legislation
- Bills
- Joint Resolutions
- Concurrent Resolutions
- Resolutions.
- Bills and Joint resolutions creates statutes.
- concurrent resolution works on internals of congress.
- Joint resolutions and bills are laws.
Well good luck studying. The test is Wednesday, so if u need help just ask for it. Maybe i'll have an even better study guide up later!
Monday, April 21, 2008
100 things I learned from class!
Hey if you have anything to add to the list, then let me know, and send it to me, so i can post it up here too!
1."The Do-nothings" Were the name given to the Senate in the first years of the Republic.
2. The coattail effect in presidential election since WWII was that each percent gain in the party’s
vote for president is associated with .31 percent increase in the party’s vote for Congress.
3.Strategic retirement is the tendency for legislators to retire when they know there electoral
chances have diminished.
4.Hernson argues that a necessary precondition for the passage of campaign finance reform is a
public perception of corruption.
5.The Democratizing Era witnessed the rise of partisan politics, it was also the era of Stump
speeches and the bandwagon effect.
6.100 members constitute a quorum for the Committee of the Whole in the House of
representatives.
7. In the House of Representatives the floor debates are more structures that the Senate.
8. The Civil war era was the era where the power of the Speaker reached it’s highest limit.
9. Cloture was first adopted in the "text Book era" of Congress, and today’s cloture law requires
60 Senators to end a filibuster.
10.The best electoral strategy for incumbent office holders is to create barriers to entry to
discourage "quality" opponents.
11.Voluntary retirement was the number one cause of turnover in Congress in the post WWII
Era.
12. Another name for constituency service is casework.
13.The terms for the House is 2 years, and the terms for the Senate is 6 years.
14. Parochialism focuses on a narrow locality, it’s associated with delegates.
2
15.Republicanism is a form of government in which "intermediaries represent the interests of
citizens."
16.Side payments are most commonly used to obtain or achieve minimum winning coalitions.
17.James Madison defines Factions as an adverse to the rights of other citizens or the permanent
and aggregate interests of the community.
18. Baron de Montesquieu was the European philosopher who inspired the notion of separation
of powers.
19. They only needed 33 members of the first congress to establish a quorum in the House of
representatives.
20. Thomas Reed was largely responsible for formalizing the use of calendars in the House of
Representatives, which in turn led to the advent of "calendar politics."
21. Conditional party government occurs when the major political parties are on the same page
ideologically, when they are voting together on a regular basis.
22.In the House of Representatives, party polarization does a better job of explaining strong
leaders.
23.Negative "coattails" suggest that a candidate running for office may be hurt by some other
race on the ballot.
24.All congressional candidates want name recognition, however, the lecture made the case that
name recognition is best if it can be obtained without issue content.
25.The negative ads that run late in a congressional campaign often back fire.
26. The majority leader is the most influential member of the Senate in Modern times.
27. The majority leader has the right of first recognition on the floor of the Senate.
3
28. The minority party leader of a standing committee is given the title "ranking member".
29. The third most influential member of the House of Representatives is the Minority leader.
30. Currently less than 15% of Congress is female, Sweden is the country that leads the world in
the proportional representatives of women.
31. Women are less likely than men to break civility norms of courtesy and reciprocity while
serving in congress.
32. President Pro tem is the title that goes to the senior most member of the majority party in the Senate.
33. The US Congress is the most heavily staffed legislature in the World. The total staff members
that works for the two chambers, their committees, and the leaders is 22,720.
34.Logrolling is the cooperation among politicians as they attempt to build a coalition by trading
favors.
35. Omnibus legislation is a catchall legislation that includes provisions on a variety of issues
patched together, often near the end of a congressional session, and passed as one measure.
36.A Caucus is a meeting of party members to elect leaders and/ or plan strategy.
37. President Woodrow Wilson said "Congress in session is Congress on public exhibition, while
Congress in it’s committee-rooms is Congress at work!"
38. A conference is a Republican party meeting and a caucus is a democratic Party meeting.
39.Categoric groups- Individuals with unchangeable common characteristics, such as race,
gender, and age. Often, such characteristics result in common political interests, although not all
members of the group are aware of them.
40. Pork Barrel- legislation favoring the districts of particular members of congress by
guaranteeing them public works projects such as roads, dams, harbors, defense contracts, and
other government programs.
41. Whip is a party leader with the responsibility of assessing member preference, presenting
party positions, and getting supporters of the party position o the floor for voting. The term
comes from the rider in a fox hunt charged with keeping the dogs in line.
42. Discharge petition, a rarely used mechanism in the House allowing a majority of members
(218) to force action on legislation not released by a committee.
43. Markup- The final meeting of a committee on a bill where the proposed legislation is gone
over line by line before approval of the final version.
44. Pack Journalism- A defensive strategy by journalists of comparing their coverage with that of competing media and bringing their coverage into line.
45. Indirect lobbying- Lobbyists’ attempts to influence lawmakers; decisions using third parties,
usually constituents or the media.
46. Direct lobbying- Lobbyist’s presentation of arguments to legislators or their staffs, either
through personal contact or by committee testimony.
47.Issue advocacy- Spending for election-related advertising by interests groups. Groups may
spend unlimited funds on issue advocacy as long as it does not "expressly advocate" election or
defeat of a candidate. Issue advocacy spending is not publicly disclosed and is unlimited by
federal regulation.
48. Elite constituency- The group of citizens in a lawmaker’s constituency who are active,
informed, and willing to contact their members of Congress about an issue.
49.Access- The attempts by interest groups and citizens to "get a hearing" for their viewpoint in
Congress.
50. Indirect lobbying- Lobbyist’s attempts to influence lawmakers’ decisions using third parties,
usually constituents or the media.
51. Pundits try to do what is right, and bring experts to come in and talk about issues. Dr.Jewett
is head of the pundits of the Political Science Department at UCF.
52.Cloture- A Senate procedure for cutting off debate during a filibuster by garnering the
support of sixty Senators.
53. Coalition- A temporary group of often diverse members who agree to support a particular
policy position.
54. Committee of the whole- A procedure used in the House to facilitate the handling of
legislation by reducing the quorum to one hundred.
55.Cosponsorship- The right to add one’s name to a bill. Members cosponsor to claim some
credit for final passage, while bill sponsors seek cosponsoship as an indication of the popularity of their proposal.
56. Filibuster is a tradition of unlimited debate in the Senate, which can be restricted only by a
vote of sixty members in support of a cloture motion that limits debate.
57. Germane- Refers to the requirement that speeches and amendments to bills must be relevant to the issue being discussed. Rules of germaneness are much tighter in the House than in the Senate.
58. Hold is a senator’s right to ask for a delay backed up by the right of unlimited debate.
59.Side payments are benefits for joining a coalition having nothing to do with the substance of
the issue at hand.
60. A bought coalition is a group of people agreeing to support a position only after a change in
the substance of the legislation or in exchange for some other benefit.
61. Legislative intent- The purpose of an enacted law as evident in congressional debate over its
passage. Federal Courts often use legislative intent in interpreting federal law.
62. Unanimous consent agreement- The literal approval of all members of a course action. The
procedure is most relevant to the Senate with its right of unlimited debate.
63. Minimum winning coalition- The minimum number of coalition members required to achieve a particular policy goal. In Congress, the number required is usually a simple majority of those
present and voting, but for certain actions, supermajorities are required.
64. A hopper is a wooden box that holds new legislative initiatives in the House of
representatives.
65. An enrolled bill is a bill that is on it’s way to the President.
66.A bill that has been rewritten because significant changes have been made to the original bill
in committee is known as a clean bill.
67. The five minutes rule refers to the amount of time given each side to debate amendments in
the House when meeting as the committee of the whole.
68. When a bill is "read" for the third time, the floor vote should take place.
69. A motion which officially ends any given "legislative day" within a legislative session is
known as an adjournment to a day certain.
70. A Presidential veto is a presidential option after Congress has adjourned sine die.
71.The Speaker is the first person to sign the final version of a bill that is certified as "correct."
72. The Pocket veto was primarily intended to prevent congress from forcing the president to
have to decide on the suitability of new legislation in the last few days (ten days) of a legislation
session.
73. The President of the United States cannot sponsor a piece of legislation.
74. A provision in federal law that delays an administrative action, usually for sixty to ninety days, during which time Congress may vote to approve or disapprove the action is known as a
legislative veto.
75. The War power acts allows the President to report to congress whenever the troops are
committed, and terminate the use of force after 60 days if there is no congressional approval.
76. Senatorial courtesy refers to a senatorial norm that suggests a senator can have primary
influence in the selection of Federal judges that serve in their state.
77. Appropriations committees- Prestigious committees in the House and Senate the create
appropriations bills, specifying the actual amount to be spent on programs that are subject to
annual and multi-year appropriations.
78. Issue networks- A set of interrelationships between senators and representatives, interest
groups, the bureaucracy, and the media in particular policy areas. Generally broader in scope,
more permeable, and less influential than subgovernments.
79. Crisis Policies- Responses to immediate problems that are perceived to be serious, arrive
with little or no warning, and demand immediate action.
80. Distributive policies- Policies that provide subsidies and benefits to a limited group of
individuals, groups, or corporations.
81. Incrementalism- A congressional policy strategy in which decision makers make small,
incremental, marginal adjustments in current behavior.
82. Regulatory polices- Policies designed to protect the public by setting the conditions under
which various private activities can be undertaken.
83. Localism- A survival game strategy by which lawmakers consider and act on policy primarily as it affects the welfare of their districts and constituents.
84. Structural policies- Policies aimed at producing, deploying, and organizing military personnel
and material, usually within the confines of previously established strategic decisions.
85. Symbolism- A congressional policy strategy in which legislators devote time and attention to
a problem without actually devoting substantial resources to solve it.
86. Redistributive policy- Policy that manipulates the allocation of wealth, property, political or
civil rights, producing highly public and competitive games.
87. Change- An evolution of any sort, whether planned or unplanned, reform is a planned change with a specific goal in mind, which sometimes doesn’t work out the way they want.
88. Line-item veto- An authority currently wielded by forty-three governors that allows a chief
executive to veto parts of bills. Congress granted the president a form of line-item veto, enhanced recission authority, but the Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional in 1998.
89. Responsibility- As applied to legislature, it concerns the ability of a legislature to solve
problems with speed and effectiveness.
90.The majority caucus or conference in the chamber approves the party leaders
recommendations, and selects the committee chairs.
91. The Ways and Means are the Committee in the House that deals with the payment of taxes.
92.Committee property rights refers to the right of a state to have a representative on a particular committee.
93. Among the reforms the House Republicans adopted after winning the majority in 1995 were
placing term limits on committee chairs.
94.In the 107th Congress , Chair swapping became an issue of the new House rule that committee chairs could only serve six years continuous.
95.accountability- the regular evaluation of a legislatures work by the citizenry.
96.Responsiveness- The capacity of a legislature to listen to and take into action the ideas and
sentiments of those who will be affected by it’s actions.
97. There are four types of committees- 1. Steering and policy committees, 2. Hill committees, 3. Procedural committees, 4. Legislative committees.
98. Select or Special committees- Created on an ad hoc basis, can not receive or report
legislation, and primarily investigative, and their agenda is topical.
99.There are three types of Senate Floor voting:
1. Un-tabulate voice vote- ( All in favor say I)
2. A standing or "division" ( Dividing the room on an issue)
3. A roll call ( Yes or nay when your name is called)
100. There are 4 primary types of referrals.
1. Single referral- Entire bill is sent to a single committee
2. Joint Referral- Same bill sent to multiple committees
3. Split referral- Bill is broke up and sent to multiple committees
4.Sequential referral- Speaker determines that a bill must pass through multiple
committees.
1."The Do-nothings" Were the name given to the Senate in the first years of the Republic.
2. The coattail effect in presidential election since WWII was that each percent gain in the party’s
vote for president is associated with .31 percent increase in the party’s vote for Congress.
3.Strategic retirement is the tendency for legislators to retire when they know there electoral
chances have diminished.
4.Hernson argues that a necessary precondition for the passage of campaign finance reform is a
public perception of corruption.
5.The Democratizing Era witnessed the rise of partisan politics, it was also the era of Stump
speeches and the bandwagon effect.
6.100 members constitute a quorum for the Committee of the Whole in the House of
representatives.
7. In the House of Representatives the floor debates are more structures that the Senate.
8. The Civil war era was the era where the power of the Speaker reached it’s highest limit.
9. Cloture was first adopted in the "text Book era" of Congress, and today’s cloture law requires
60 Senators to end a filibuster.
10.The best electoral strategy for incumbent office holders is to create barriers to entry to
discourage "quality" opponents.
11.Voluntary retirement was the number one cause of turnover in Congress in the post WWII
Era.
12. Another name for constituency service is casework.
13.The terms for the House is 2 years, and the terms for the Senate is 6 years.
14. Parochialism focuses on a narrow locality, it’s associated with delegates.
2
15.Republicanism is a form of government in which "intermediaries represent the interests of
citizens."
16.Side payments are most commonly used to obtain or achieve minimum winning coalitions.
17.James Madison defines Factions as an adverse to the rights of other citizens or the permanent
and aggregate interests of the community.
18. Baron de Montesquieu was the European philosopher who inspired the notion of separation
of powers.
19. They only needed 33 members of the first congress to establish a quorum in the House of
representatives.
20. Thomas Reed was largely responsible for formalizing the use of calendars in the House of
Representatives, which in turn led to the advent of "calendar politics."
21. Conditional party government occurs when the major political parties are on the same page
ideologically, when they are voting together on a regular basis.
22.In the House of Representatives, party polarization does a better job of explaining strong
leaders.
23.Negative "coattails" suggest that a candidate running for office may be hurt by some other
race on the ballot.
24.All congressional candidates want name recognition, however, the lecture made the case that
name recognition is best if it can be obtained without issue content.
25.The negative ads that run late in a congressional campaign often back fire.
26. The majority leader is the most influential member of the Senate in Modern times.
27. The majority leader has the right of first recognition on the floor of the Senate.
3
28. The minority party leader of a standing committee is given the title "ranking member".
29. The third most influential member of the House of Representatives is the Minority leader.
30. Currently less than 15% of Congress is female, Sweden is the country that leads the world in
the proportional representatives of women.
31. Women are less likely than men to break civility norms of courtesy and reciprocity while
serving in congress.
32. President Pro tem is the title that goes to the senior most member of the majority party in the Senate.
33. The US Congress is the most heavily staffed legislature in the World. The total staff members
that works for the two chambers, their committees, and the leaders is 22,720.
34.Logrolling is the cooperation among politicians as they attempt to build a coalition by trading
favors.
35. Omnibus legislation is a catchall legislation that includes provisions on a variety of issues
patched together, often near the end of a congressional session, and passed as one measure.
36.A Caucus is a meeting of party members to elect leaders and/ or plan strategy.
37. President Woodrow Wilson said "Congress in session is Congress on public exhibition, while
Congress in it’s committee-rooms is Congress at work!"
38. A conference is a Republican party meeting and a caucus is a democratic Party meeting.
39.Categoric groups- Individuals with unchangeable common characteristics, such as race,
gender, and age. Often, such characteristics result in common political interests, although not all
members of the group are aware of them.
40. Pork Barrel- legislation favoring the districts of particular members of congress by
guaranteeing them public works projects such as roads, dams, harbors, defense contracts, and
other government programs.
41. Whip is a party leader with the responsibility of assessing member preference, presenting
party positions, and getting supporters of the party position o the floor for voting. The term
comes from the rider in a fox hunt charged with keeping the dogs in line.
42. Discharge petition, a rarely used mechanism in the House allowing a majority of members
(218) to force action on legislation not released by a committee.
43. Markup- The final meeting of a committee on a bill where the proposed legislation is gone
over line by line before approval of the final version.
44. Pack Journalism- A defensive strategy by journalists of comparing their coverage with that of competing media and bringing their coverage into line.
45. Indirect lobbying- Lobbyists’ attempts to influence lawmakers; decisions using third parties,
usually constituents or the media.
46. Direct lobbying- Lobbyist’s presentation of arguments to legislators or their staffs, either
through personal contact or by committee testimony.
47.Issue advocacy- Spending for election-related advertising by interests groups. Groups may
spend unlimited funds on issue advocacy as long as it does not "expressly advocate" election or
defeat of a candidate. Issue advocacy spending is not publicly disclosed and is unlimited by
federal regulation.
48. Elite constituency- The group of citizens in a lawmaker’s constituency who are active,
informed, and willing to contact their members of Congress about an issue.
49.Access- The attempts by interest groups and citizens to "get a hearing" for their viewpoint in
Congress.
50. Indirect lobbying- Lobbyist’s attempts to influence lawmakers’ decisions using third parties,
usually constituents or the media.
51. Pundits try to do what is right, and bring experts to come in and talk about issues. Dr.Jewett
is head of the pundits of the Political Science Department at UCF.
52.Cloture- A Senate procedure for cutting off debate during a filibuster by garnering the
support of sixty Senators.
53. Coalition- A temporary group of often diverse members who agree to support a particular
policy position.
54. Committee of the whole- A procedure used in the House to facilitate the handling of
legislation by reducing the quorum to one hundred.
55.Cosponsorship- The right to add one’s name to a bill. Members cosponsor to claim some
credit for final passage, while bill sponsors seek cosponsoship as an indication of the popularity of their proposal.
56. Filibuster is a tradition of unlimited debate in the Senate, which can be restricted only by a
vote of sixty members in support of a cloture motion that limits debate.
57. Germane- Refers to the requirement that speeches and amendments to bills must be relevant to the issue being discussed. Rules of germaneness are much tighter in the House than in the Senate.
58. Hold is a senator’s right to ask for a delay backed up by the right of unlimited debate.
59.Side payments are benefits for joining a coalition having nothing to do with the substance of
the issue at hand.
60. A bought coalition is a group of people agreeing to support a position only after a change in
the substance of the legislation or in exchange for some other benefit.
61. Legislative intent- The purpose of an enacted law as evident in congressional debate over its
passage. Federal Courts often use legislative intent in interpreting federal law.
62. Unanimous consent agreement- The literal approval of all members of a course action. The
procedure is most relevant to the Senate with its right of unlimited debate.
63. Minimum winning coalition- The minimum number of coalition members required to achieve a particular policy goal. In Congress, the number required is usually a simple majority of those
present and voting, but for certain actions, supermajorities are required.
64. A hopper is a wooden box that holds new legislative initiatives in the House of
representatives.
65. An enrolled bill is a bill that is on it’s way to the President.
66.A bill that has been rewritten because significant changes have been made to the original bill
in committee is known as a clean bill.
67. The five minutes rule refers to the amount of time given each side to debate amendments in
the House when meeting as the committee of the whole.
68. When a bill is "read" for the third time, the floor vote should take place.
69. A motion which officially ends any given "legislative day" within a legislative session is
known as an adjournment to a day certain.
70. A Presidential veto is a presidential option after Congress has adjourned sine die.
71.The Speaker is the first person to sign the final version of a bill that is certified as "correct."
72. The Pocket veto was primarily intended to prevent congress from forcing the president to
have to decide on the suitability of new legislation in the last few days (ten days) of a legislation
session.
73. The President of the United States cannot sponsor a piece of legislation.
74. A provision in federal law that delays an administrative action, usually for sixty to ninety days, during which time Congress may vote to approve or disapprove the action is known as a
legislative veto.
75. The War power acts allows the President to report to congress whenever the troops are
committed, and terminate the use of force after 60 days if there is no congressional approval.
76. Senatorial courtesy refers to a senatorial norm that suggests a senator can have primary
influence in the selection of Federal judges that serve in their state.
77. Appropriations committees- Prestigious committees in the House and Senate the create
appropriations bills, specifying the actual amount to be spent on programs that are subject to
annual and multi-year appropriations.
78. Issue networks- A set of interrelationships between senators and representatives, interest
groups, the bureaucracy, and the media in particular policy areas. Generally broader in scope,
more permeable, and less influential than subgovernments.
79. Crisis Policies- Responses to immediate problems that are perceived to be serious, arrive
with little or no warning, and demand immediate action.
80. Distributive policies- Policies that provide subsidies and benefits to a limited group of
individuals, groups, or corporations.
81. Incrementalism- A congressional policy strategy in which decision makers make small,
incremental, marginal adjustments in current behavior.
82. Regulatory polices- Policies designed to protect the public by setting the conditions under
which various private activities can be undertaken.
83. Localism- A survival game strategy by which lawmakers consider and act on policy primarily as it affects the welfare of their districts and constituents.
84. Structural policies- Policies aimed at producing, deploying, and organizing military personnel
and material, usually within the confines of previously established strategic decisions.
85. Symbolism- A congressional policy strategy in which legislators devote time and attention to
a problem without actually devoting substantial resources to solve it.
86. Redistributive policy- Policy that manipulates the allocation of wealth, property, political or
civil rights, producing highly public and competitive games.
87. Change- An evolution of any sort, whether planned or unplanned, reform is a planned change with a specific goal in mind, which sometimes doesn’t work out the way they want.
88. Line-item veto- An authority currently wielded by forty-three governors that allows a chief
executive to veto parts of bills. Congress granted the president a form of line-item veto, enhanced recission authority, but the Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional in 1998.
89. Responsibility- As applied to legislature, it concerns the ability of a legislature to solve
problems with speed and effectiveness.
90.The majority caucus or conference in the chamber approves the party leaders
recommendations, and selects the committee chairs.
91. The Ways and Means are the Committee in the House that deals with the payment of taxes.
92.Committee property rights refers to the right of a state to have a representative on a particular committee.
93. Among the reforms the House Republicans adopted after winning the majority in 1995 were
placing term limits on committee chairs.
94.In the 107th Congress , Chair swapping became an issue of the new House rule that committee chairs could only serve six years continuous.
95.accountability- the regular evaluation of a legislatures work by the citizenry.
96.Responsiveness- The capacity of a legislature to listen to and take into action the ideas and
sentiments of those who will be affected by it’s actions.
97. There are four types of committees- 1. Steering and policy committees, 2. Hill committees, 3. Procedural committees, 4. Legislative committees.
98. Select or Special committees- Created on an ad hoc basis, can not receive or report
legislation, and primarily investigative, and their agenda is topical.
99.There are three types of Senate Floor voting:
1. Un-tabulate voice vote- ( All in favor say I)
2. A standing or "division" ( Dividing the room on an issue)
3. A roll call ( Yes or nay when your name is called)
100. There are 4 primary types of referrals.
1. Single referral- Entire bill is sent to a single committee
2. Joint Referral- Same bill sent to multiple committees
3. Split referral- Bill is broke up and sent to multiple committees
4.Sequential referral- Speaker determines that a bill must pass through multiple
committees.
Monday, April 14, 2008
Notes from Friday April 11th 2008
Congressional Policy Making
" Leaning much to be desired"
Particularized benefits
- Government currency
- Also known as distributive policies or "pork"
- Only other people's pork is corruption . Mine is money well spent
- Often a zero sum game
Legislative Process
"Innovation Possibilities"
Five Conditions Prompting Innovation
- Strong or Poplar legislative leaders
- Well organized Grassroots efforts
- Elite Consensus
- The need for change becomes apparent
- catastrophic events
Effectiveness
- Each of the five may cause " Punctuated equilibrium" But, working in Tandem the odds are enhanced
What do we want Congress to be?
" Lofty Public Expectations.
Representative
- We want individual numbers to represent the views of their contituents (delegate)
- But we also want the Congress as a whole to articulate and represent all viewpoints ( Trustee)
Responsible
- We want Congress to be responsible to make quality laws
- But we also want Congress to be Responsible to popular majorities or majority preference
Responsive
- We want Congress to be responsive to the pressing issue of our times
- But, we also want Congress to be Forward thinking and consider the long term well being of the nation as a whole.
Problems.
- Policy that is responsive to pressing needs can easily be at odds with constituents preferences
- If you represent all view points you can not be responsible to majorities.
" Leaning much to be desired"
Particularized benefits
- Government currency
- Also known as distributive policies or "pork"
- Only other people's pork is corruption . Mine is money well spent
- Often a zero sum game
Legislative Process
"Innovation Possibilities"
Five Conditions Prompting Innovation
- Strong or Poplar legislative leaders
- Well organized Grassroots efforts
- Elite Consensus
- The need for change becomes apparent
- catastrophic events
Effectiveness
- Each of the five may cause " Punctuated equilibrium" But, working in Tandem the odds are enhanced
What do we want Congress to be?
" Lofty Public Expectations.
Representative
- We want individual numbers to represent the views of their contituents (delegate)
- But we also want the Congress as a whole to articulate and represent all viewpoints ( Trustee)
Responsible
- We want Congress to be responsible to make quality laws
- But we also want Congress to be Responsible to popular majorities or majority preference
Responsive
- We want Congress to be responsive to the pressing issue of our times
- But, we also want Congress to be Forward thinking and consider the long term well being of the nation as a whole.
Problems.
- Policy that is responsive to pressing needs can easily be at odds with constituents preferences
- If you represent all view points you can not be responsible to majorities.
Thursday, April 10, 2008
Congress notes From Friday April 4th - Wednesday April 10th
The Committee System
"The Legislative Committees"
4 types of Committees
1. Steering and Policy Committees ( Party Caucus and Conference)
( When a new Congress is sworn in they break up, the Dems and the Republicans, Independents have to decide which party would join. All of the independents tend to vote with the democrats)
2. Hill Committees - Are a part of the national party organizations. At one point they were banned from meeting in the Capitol building.
3. Procederal Committees- There are two of these
1. Joint conference committee (Conference committee) Both chambers meet
2. Committee of the whole ( To iron out a bill) { Ad hoc = As needed}
4. Legislative committees
Standing Committees
( Parent, Permanent "All the same")
- More or less permanent
- Some are "Exclusive" which brings prestige, but also a more significant committment of time.
( Ways and means committees pays for taxes)
( Appropiations ways and means and rules)
Subcommittees
- Appropriations standing committees traditionally has the most subcommittees
- Budget committees have none
- Average standing committee has about 5.
Select or Special Committees
- Created on an Ad Hoc Basis
- Cannot recieve or report legislation
- Primarily investigative - agenda is "topical"
Joint Committees
- Both house and Senate members participate
- Economic, library , Printing, taxation.
[ Which is the most important, and always in the news? Taxation]
- Not a conference committees
Committee Workload
"Typical Senator has more"
Which are the Hill committees
- House ways and means committees
- Senate rules is not a Hills Committee
- Steering committees
- committees on committees
- 4, 8, 16 hour days
- Senators spend more time in committees because there are so few Senators, and a lot of committee work.
In teh House of Representatives
- Members are on eithe r1 exclusive or 2 non-exclusive standing committees
- If on 2 standing committes, 1 is usually more prestigious than the other
( How mnay standing committees are in the 110th? 20 in the house 16 in the Senate)
- Members average 4.5 subcommittees assignments
In the Senate
- Norm is two major and one minor standing committee
- Many exceptions to the rules
- Serve on roughly 8 subcommittiees
Committee Assignment Process
"The Role of steering Committees"
( How many steering committess should there be? 8... 2 Dems, 2 REPs in each house... so 4 in total.... But there are 7. The Dem in teh House keeps both together, but they have two chair persons)
- Steering committees says who's on committees
- Policy committee- set the platform
- The Steering committees are moest active in the beginning when they are setting up their game plan.
Variables influencing committee assignments
1. Electroal vulnerability
a. Insulate the vulnerable from interest group pressure
b. Give them assignments their constituents will value
2. Party Privelege- Or party discretion, the role of "carrots and sticks"
Variables Influencing Committee Assignments Contd
3. Property rights - "two meanings"
a. The right of a state to hold a committee assignment
b. The right of a member to hold a particular committee assignment
Committee Chairs
"Gate Keepers"
Selection Process
- Informally selected by majority party leaders in the chamber
- Party caucus or conference officially vote
-Senior members from the majority party is the default choice
MSC.
- Each member can be chair of only one committee
( Standing or sub)
- Chair-swapping took place in the 107th.
Congressional Policy Making
- Symbols over substance
- Sybolic legislation (propaganda?) provides opportunities to builda re-election constituency.
- substance is controversial and creates enemies
- there is alot of media coverage of a bill introductions, committee hearings. but...
Interventalism - or minor change
- Using the previous year's budget as a guide- has resulted in deerementalism, as well
- Based on fear (?)
- Pragmatic response to difficult situations (?)
- Do people wnat change?
"The Legislative Committees"
4 types of Committees
1. Steering and Policy Committees ( Party Caucus and Conference)
( When a new Congress is sworn in they break up, the Dems and the Republicans, Independents have to decide which party would join. All of the independents tend to vote with the democrats)
2. Hill Committees - Are a part of the national party organizations. At one point they were banned from meeting in the Capitol building.
3. Procederal Committees- There are two of these
1. Joint conference committee (Conference committee) Both chambers meet
2. Committee of the whole ( To iron out a bill) { Ad hoc = As needed}
4. Legislative committees
Standing Committees
( Parent, Permanent "All the same")
- More or less permanent
- Some are "Exclusive" which brings prestige, but also a more significant committment of time.
( Ways and means committees pays for taxes)
( Appropiations ways and means and rules)
Subcommittees
- Appropriations standing committees traditionally has the most subcommittees
- Budget committees have none
- Average standing committee has about 5.
Select or Special Committees
- Created on an Ad Hoc Basis
- Cannot recieve or report legislation
- Primarily investigative - agenda is "topical"
Joint Committees
- Both house and Senate members participate
- Economic, library , Printing, taxation.
[ Which is the most important, and always in the news? Taxation]
- Not a conference committees
Committee Workload
"Typical Senator has more"
Which are the Hill committees
- House ways and means committees
- Senate rules is not a Hills Committee
- Steering committees
- committees on committees
- 4, 8, 16 hour days
- Senators spend more time in committees because there are so few Senators, and a lot of committee work.
In teh House of Representatives
- Members are on eithe r1 exclusive or 2 non-exclusive standing committees
- If on 2 standing committes, 1 is usually more prestigious than the other
( How mnay standing committees are in the 110th? 20 in the house 16 in the Senate)
- Members average 4.5 subcommittees assignments
In the Senate
- Norm is two major and one minor standing committee
- Many exceptions to the rules
- Serve on roughly 8 subcommittiees
Committee Assignment Process
"The Role of steering Committees"
( How many steering committess should there be? 8... 2 Dems, 2 REPs in each house... so 4 in total.... But there are 7. The Dem in teh House keeps both together, but they have two chair persons)
- Steering committees says who's on committees
- Policy committee- set the platform
- The Steering committees are moest active in the beginning when they are setting up their game plan.
Variables influencing committee assignments
1. Electroal vulnerability
a. Insulate the vulnerable from interest group pressure
b. Give them assignments their constituents will value
2. Party Privelege- Or party discretion, the role of "carrots and sticks"
Variables Influencing Committee Assignments Contd
3. Property rights - "two meanings"
a. The right of a state to hold a committee assignment
b. The right of a member to hold a particular committee assignment
Committee Chairs
"Gate Keepers"
Selection Process
- Informally selected by majority party leaders in the chamber
- Party caucus or conference officially vote
-Senior members from the majority party is the default choice
MSC.
- Each member can be chair of only one committee
( Standing or sub)
- Chair-swapping took place in the 107th.
Congressional Policy Making
- Symbols over substance
- Sybolic legislation (propaganda?) provides opportunities to builda re-election constituency.
- substance is controversial and creates enemies
- there is alot of media coverage of a bill introductions, committee hearings. but...
Interventalism - or minor change
- Using the previous year's budget as a guide- has resulted in deerementalism, as well
- Based on fear (?)
- Pragmatic response to difficult situations (?)
- Do people wnat change?
Friday, March 28, 2008
Some notes from teh online Book!
- Members of Congress have a nonpartisan Office of Legislative Counsel that takes the ideas they suggest and drafts them into proper legislative format. This office also checks to make sure that contrary legislation does not exist and suggests other changes in the legal code required to reach the intended goal.
- Coalition – A temporary group of often diverse members who agree to support a particular policy position. See also natural coalition and bought coalition.
-Natural Coalition – A group of individuals agreeing to support a particular position without any additional inducement. In Congress, members of naturally forming coalitions often share similar ideological, partisan goals or district interests.
- Bought Coalition – A group of individuals agreeing to support a position only after a change in the substance of the legislation or in exchange for some other benefit.
- Natural coalitions in Congress often lack permanency. The supporters of one piece of legislation might well be locked in total disagreement on another. Building winning natural coalitions one member at a time would be a daunting task. Fortunately for coalition managers, the building blocks for a winning natural coalition often tend to be identifiable groups of members sharing partisan, ideological, or constituency interests.
- Conservative coalition, which often dominated congressional decision making from the 1930s to the 1980s. This group of Republicans and southern democrats voted together on as many as one-quarter of the votes and prevailed over two-thirds of the time, especially during the 1940s and 1950s.
- The exact path of cause and effect is difficult to determine here. A district with a large parochial school population may be more likely to elect a member who was a product of parochial schools. It is then difficult to determine whether that member’s support for government aid to parochial schools stems from personal experience, constituency interests, or a combination of the two.
- To create the necessary majority, a natural coalition often needs to be augmented through the addition of new members whose support is "bought" by coalition managers. The process of bargaining and cajoling is often called logrolling.
- " Buying" Support, two common methods
- 1. Substantively broadening the appeal of the legislation
- 2. Offering side payments.
- Side payments – Benefits for joining a coalition having nothing to do with the substance of the issue at hand.
-Minimum winning coalition – The minimum number of coalition members required to achieve a particular policy goal. In Congress, the number required is usually a simple majority of those present and voting, but for certain actions (such as overriding a veto), super majorities are required.
- Concurrent majorities – A sequential series of majorities at different stages of the legislative process and involving differing groupings of members. For example, in order to pass, a bill must get support in a subcommittee, which is not a random sample of it’s parent committee, it then must get support from the committee, which is not a random sample of the changer from which is drawn.
- Cosponsorship – The right to add one’s name to a bill. Members cosponsor to claim some credit for final passage, while bill sponsors seek cosponsoship as in indication of popularity of their proposals.
- These averages are dramatically diminished by the large number of commemorative resolutions, which continue to average just a few pages.
- Evidence of the popularity of omnibus legislation emerges dramatically by looking at the average length of the bills passed by Congress.. During the 1950's the average bull was about 2 pages long.
- Executive privilege – The Presidents right to keep information from Congress in order to guarantee candid advice from his advisers or to protect national security. Members of the executive branch need White House approval to testify before Congress.
- Germane – Refers to the requirement that speeches and amendments to bills must be relevant to the issue being discussed. Rules of Germaneness are much tighter in the House than in the Senate.
- Unanimous Consent agreement – The literal approval of all members of a course of action The Procedure is most relevant to the Senate with it’s right of unlimited debate.
- Hold – A senator’s right to ask for a delay backed up by the right of unlimited debate.
- The House has special calendars and procedures for dealing with noncontroversial legislation. The "consent calendar" is in order on certain Mondays and each party has three official "objectors" on the floor to make sure that proposals do not contain controversial aspects. A two-thirds majority can bypass the time-consuming amending process by suspending the rules. The Speaker selectively recognizes individuals to offer motions that provide for the adoption of a measure and the measure and the amendment included in the motion. Bills that deal with individuals are placed on the "private Calendar" and dealt with expeditiously.
- Some of the committees such as Appropriations, Budget, and Ways and Means have the right to bring certain types of legislation directly to the floor.
- Rule – In the context of House consideration of legislation, a rule is the agree upon set of procedure for handling a piece of legislation. Before debate begins on the substance of a bill, the House Rules Committee proposes a plan for how much time will be spent on a piece of legislation and the right to make amendments.
- legislative intent – The purpose of an enacted law as evident in congressional debate over its passage. Federal courts often use legislative intent in interpreting federal law.
- Quorum- The minimum number of individuals who must be present in a congressional committee or on the floor in order to conduct business. Quorums are a protection against a small number of individuals taking over the legislative process. For most business, the quorum is usually a majority of the members.
- Committee of the Whole – A procedure used in the House to facilitate the handling of legislation by reducing the quorum to one hundred.
- filibuster - The tradition of unlimited debate in the Senate, which can be restricted only by a vote of sixty members in support of a cloture motion that limits debate.
- There is some debate over who has the individual record for filibustering. Strom Thrumond (Then D-SC) spoke for twenty-four hours and seventeen minutes in a vain attempt to kill civil rights legislation, but he had help from friends who bought him some time off through quorum calls. Wayne Morse (D-OR) single-handedly held the floor for almost twenty-three hours.
-Cloture– A senate procedure for cutting off debate during a filibuster by garnering the support of sixty senators.
- Rider – An Amendment to a bill having nothing to do with the substance, but "riding along" on the original bill’s merits or making the original bill more appealing.
- The house tends to vote somewhat more often than the Senate. During the 1980's the house averaged 569 votes per session and the Senate averaged 349. The activist agenda of first year of the Republican majority (1995) resulted in 885 votes in the house and 613 in the Senate.
- Roll Call vote – A vote in which the specific votes of each member are recorded. In the Senate, roll call votes are done in the traditional way, with a clerk reading off the list of senators a number of times and recording their votes. In the house, most recorded votes are done using automated voting terminals.
- Congress does pass various types of resolutions, which do not have the force of law. Such resolutions are often used to publicly express Congress’s position on an issue, but they do not authorize programs or appropriate funds.
- When congress has adjourned, the president has an additional option. If the President does nothing and there is no Congress to return the legislation, a pocket veto occurs and the legislation dies.
- agenda game– The game of articulating the national purpose and setting the nation’s agenda, perhaps the preeminent game of national politics.
- Image game – A form of public reaction that involves touting a public figures or institution personal traits in order to promote popular support and policy success.
- Coalition game – The contest to build coalitions and make coalitions work, played frequently in Congress.
- War Powers resolution – A resolution passed into law over President Nixon’s Veto, calling for the collective judgement of the Congress and President before troops enter combat. Under this law, the President must consult with Congress before committing troops into hostilities, report any commitment of troops to Congress within forty-eight hours, and terminate the use of forces within sixty days if Congress Does not declare ware or extend the period.
- Oversight - Defined by Joel Aberbach as congressional review of the actions of federal departments, agencies, and commissions, and of the other programs and policies they administer, including review that takes place during program and policy implementation as well as afterwards!
- legislative veto – A provision in federal law that delays an administrative action, usually for sixty to ninety days, during which time Congress may vote to approve or disapprove the action.
- Blue Game – Defined by Hedrick Smith as maneuvers that have little chance of implementation but that dramatize their side’s virtue and the opposition’s villainy!
-Subgovernemnt – interrelationships between congressional committees and subcommittees, federal agencies, interest groups, and local elites in particular policy areas, usually concerning domestic policy.
- issue networks – a set of interrelationships between senators and representatives, interest groups, the bureaucracy, and the media in particular policy areas. Generally broader in scope, more permeable, and less influential than subgovernments.
- Coalition – A temporary group of often diverse members who agree to support a particular policy position. See also natural coalition and bought coalition.
-Natural Coalition – A group of individuals agreeing to support a particular position without any additional inducement. In Congress, members of naturally forming coalitions often share similar ideological, partisan goals or district interests.
- Bought Coalition – A group of individuals agreeing to support a position only after a change in the substance of the legislation or in exchange for some other benefit.
- Natural coalitions in Congress often lack permanency. The supporters of one piece of legislation might well be locked in total disagreement on another. Building winning natural coalitions one member at a time would be a daunting task. Fortunately for coalition managers, the building blocks for a winning natural coalition often tend to be identifiable groups of members sharing partisan, ideological, or constituency interests.
- Conservative coalition, which often dominated congressional decision making from the 1930s to the 1980s. This group of Republicans and southern democrats voted together on as many as one-quarter of the votes and prevailed over two-thirds of the time, especially during the 1940s and 1950s.
- The exact path of cause and effect is difficult to determine here. A district with a large parochial school population may be more likely to elect a member who was a product of parochial schools. It is then difficult to determine whether that member’s support for government aid to parochial schools stems from personal experience, constituency interests, or a combination of the two.
- To create the necessary majority, a natural coalition often needs to be augmented through the addition of new members whose support is "bought" by coalition managers. The process of bargaining and cajoling is often called logrolling.
- " Buying" Support, two common methods
- 1. Substantively broadening the appeal of the legislation
- 2. Offering side payments.
- Side payments – Benefits for joining a coalition having nothing to do with the substance of the issue at hand.
-Minimum winning coalition – The minimum number of coalition members required to achieve a particular policy goal. In Congress, the number required is usually a simple majority of those present and voting, but for certain actions (such as overriding a veto), super majorities are required.
- Concurrent majorities – A sequential series of majorities at different stages of the legislative process and involving differing groupings of members. For example, in order to pass, a bill must get support in a subcommittee, which is not a random sample of it’s parent committee, it then must get support from the committee, which is not a random sample of the changer from which is drawn.
- Cosponsorship – The right to add one’s name to a bill. Members cosponsor to claim some credit for final passage, while bill sponsors seek cosponsoship as in indication of popularity of their proposals.
- These averages are dramatically diminished by the large number of commemorative resolutions, which continue to average just a few pages.
- Evidence of the popularity of omnibus legislation emerges dramatically by looking at the average length of the bills passed by Congress.. During the 1950's the average bull was about 2 pages long.
- Executive privilege – The Presidents right to keep information from Congress in order to guarantee candid advice from his advisers or to protect national security. Members of the executive branch need White House approval to testify before Congress.
- Germane – Refers to the requirement that speeches and amendments to bills must be relevant to the issue being discussed. Rules of Germaneness are much tighter in the House than in the Senate.
- Unanimous Consent agreement – The literal approval of all members of a course of action The Procedure is most relevant to the Senate with it’s right of unlimited debate.
- Hold – A senator’s right to ask for a delay backed up by the right of unlimited debate.
- The House has special calendars and procedures for dealing with noncontroversial legislation. The "consent calendar" is in order on certain Mondays and each party has three official "objectors" on the floor to make sure that proposals do not contain controversial aspects. A two-thirds majority can bypass the time-consuming amending process by suspending the rules. The Speaker selectively recognizes individuals to offer motions that provide for the adoption of a measure and the measure and the amendment included in the motion. Bills that deal with individuals are placed on the "private Calendar" and dealt with expeditiously.
- Some of the committees such as Appropriations, Budget, and Ways and Means have the right to bring certain types of legislation directly to the floor.
- Rule – In the context of House consideration of legislation, a rule is the agree upon set of procedure for handling a piece of legislation. Before debate begins on the substance of a bill, the House Rules Committee proposes a plan for how much time will be spent on a piece of legislation and the right to make amendments.
- legislative intent – The purpose of an enacted law as evident in congressional debate over its passage. Federal courts often use legislative intent in interpreting federal law.
- Quorum- The minimum number of individuals who must be present in a congressional committee or on the floor in order to conduct business. Quorums are a protection against a small number of individuals taking over the legislative process. For most business, the quorum is usually a majority of the members.
- Committee of the Whole – A procedure used in the House to facilitate the handling of legislation by reducing the quorum to one hundred.
- filibuster - The tradition of unlimited debate in the Senate, which can be restricted only by a vote of sixty members in support of a cloture motion that limits debate.
- There is some debate over who has the individual record for filibustering. Strom Thrumond (Then D-SC) spoke for twenty-four hours and seventeen minutes in a vain attempt to kill civil rights legislation, but he had help from friends who bought him some time off through quorum calls. Wayne Morse (D-OR) single-handedly held the floor for almost twenty-three hours.
-Cloture– A senate procedure for cutting off debate during a filibuster by garnering the support of sixty senators.
- Rider – An Amendment to a bill having nothing to do with the substance, but "riding along" on the original bill’s merits or making the original bill more appealing.
- The house tends to vote somewhat more often than the Senate. During the 1980's the house averaged 569 votes per session and the Senate averaged 349. The activist agenda of first year of the Republican majority (1995) resulted in 885 votes in the house and 613 in the Senate.
- Roll Call vote – A vote in which the specific votes of each member are recorded. In the Senate, roll call votes are done in the traditional way, with a clerk reading off the list of senators a number of times and recording their votes. In the house, most recorded votes are done using automated voting terminals.
- Congress does pass various types of resolutions, which do not have the force of law. Such resolutions are often used to publicly express Congress’s position on an issue, but they do not authorize programs or appropriate funds.
- When congress has adjourned, the president has an additional option. If the President does nothing and there is no Congress to return the legislation, a pocket veto occurs and the legislation dies.
- agenda game– The game of articulating the national purpose and setting the nation’s agenda, perhaps the preeminent game of national politics.
- Image game – A form of public reaction that involves touting a public figures or institution personal traits in order to promote popular support and policy success.
- Coalition game – The contest to build coalitions and make coalitions work, played frequently in Congress.
- War Powers resolution – A resolution passed into law over President Nixon’s Veto, calling for the collective judgement of the Congress and President before troops enter combat. Under this law, the President must consult with Congress before committing troops into hostilities, report any commitment of troops to Congress within forty-eight hours, and terminate the use of forces within sixty days if Congress Does not declare ware or extend the period.
- Oversight - Defined by Joel Aberbach as congressional review of the actions of federal departments, agencies, and commissions, and of the other programs and policies they administer, including review that takes place during program and policy implementation as well as afterwards!
- legislative veto – A provision in federal law that delays an administrative action, usually for sixty to ninety days, during which time Congress may vote to approve or disapprove the action.
- Blue Game – Defined by Hedrick Smith as maneuvers that have little chance of implementation but that dramatize their side’s virtue and the opposition’s villainy!
-Subgovernemnt – interrelationships between congressional committees and subcommittees, federal agencies, interest groups, and local elites in particular policy areas, usually concerning domestic policy.
- issue networks – a set of interrelationships between senators and representatives, interest groups, the bureaucracy, and the media in particular policy areas. Generally broader in scope, more permeable, and less influential than subgovernments.
Notes Friday March 28th, 2008
Sources of Tension between the President and Congress
"National v. Local Forces"
4 Points
1. Different constituency
2. Different Time tables
3. "Old" Relationships
4. Constitutional ambiguity
Balance of power between the Presidential and Congress
"In the near Constant (Flux)"
5 points
1. Popular approved of each vacilities
2. The role of secondary players and scandal
3. National crisis works to the advantage of the President
4. can be a positive-Sum game
5. Often daily swings within broader era effects.
Here is a little bit of the Review that he gave us. Not sure That it's all there, but it's the best I could do, writing it down in class after sitting in his class from 7:30 A.M. from his other class... I took the notes on short hand.
- Alot of little lists in this test
- All of the calendars -
- What type of referral that sends it to two committees
- Split Referral
- Joint Referral
- When does the motion to recommitt occurs- Often on the floor
- What usually happens to votes
-Motion to recommitt both on house and Senate Floor
- Omnimous legislation
- To form a coalition ( Known as a bought coalition)
- log rolling
- legislative veto
Hope this helps you guys, if you have any questions, just e-mail me at le0dude@yahoo.com
"National v. Local Forces"
4 Points
1. Different constituency
2. Different Time tables
3. "Old" Relationships
4. Constitutional ambiguity
Balance of power between the Presidential and Congress
"In the near Constant (Flux)"
5 points
1. Popular approved of each vacilities
2. The role of secondary players and scandal
3. National crisis works to the advantage of the President
4. can be a positive-Sum game
5. Often daily swings within broader era effects.
Here is a little bit of the Review that he gave us. Not sure That it's all there, but it's the best I could do, writing it down in class after sitting in his class from 7:30 A.M. from his other class... I took the notes on short hand.
- Alot of little lists in this test
- All of the calendars -
- What type of referral that sends it to two committees
- Split Referral
- Joint Referral
- When does the motion to recommitt occurs- Often on the floor
- What usually happens to votes
-Motion to recommitt both on house and Senate Floor
- Omnimous legislation
- To form a coalition ( Known as a bought coalition)
- log rolling
- legislative veto
Hope this helps you guys, if you have any questions, just e-mail me at le0dude@yahoo.com
Notes from Wednesday March 26th, 2008
3 types of Senate Floor voting
1. Un-tabulate voice vote. ( all in favor of saying "I") [It's pretty much self explanatory]
2. A standing or "Division" ( You know, stand up if you favor it, sit down if you oppose)
3. A roll call ( Yes or Nay when your name is called)
Both Floors
"Coalition Formation"
- Legislation rarely goes to the floor if it is not ready to pass
- Strategic floor activity is more common in election years.
- A motion to "recommitt" the legislation to committee often kills legislation
- If passed there is usually a motion to "reconsider" a motion to "table" the previous question.
Presidents Options
"More than just a veto"
Options
- Sign it ( Signs it with 5 different pens, to gove these pens to the sponsors as gifts)
[The Bill that goes to the president is called the enrolled Bill and is printed on Parchment. Signed by the speaker first then VP, and then then the President]
[Clear bill, that gets marked up alot, all the amendmends would be cleared up, less amendments]
- Veto it
- Wait 10 days and let it become a law
- Pocket Veto.
1. Un-tabulate voice vote. ( all in favor of saying "I") [It's pretty much self explanatory]
2. A standing or "Division" ( You know, stand up if you favor it, sit down if you oppose)
3. A roll call ( Yes or Nay when your name is called)
Both Floors
"Coalition Formation"
- Legislation rarely goes to the floor if it is not ready to pass
- Strategic floor activity is more common in election years.
- A motion to "recommitt" the legislation to committee often kills legislation
- If passed there is usually a motion to "reconsider" a motion to "table" the previous question.
Presidents Options
"More than just a veto"
Options
- Sign it ( Signs it with 5 different pens, to gove these pens to the sponsors as gifts)
[The Bill that goes to the president is called the enrolled Bill and is printed on Parchment. Signed by the speaker first then VP, and then then the President]
[Clear bill, that gets marked up alot, all the amendmends would be cleared up, less amendments]
- Veto it
- Wait 10 days and let it become a law
- Pocket Veto.
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